The primary purposes of my research work have been (a) to simplify the technique of recording electrocardiograms, especially during cardiac emergencies, and (b) to apply basic physiological research done in the last 40 years by Durrer, Spach, Scher and others on the sequence of activation of the heart, to clinical diagnosis. In collaboration with others, I have demonstrated that records obtained with bipolar leads, in which one electrode is attached to the right arm and another electrode is attached successively to preselected sites on the chest, are essentially similar to records obtained with Wilson's unipolar chest leads. Because of having to attach only two electrodes, bipolar chest-right arm leads (CR leads) can be set up in a few seconds. Plans for further research include (a) recording ECGs with CR leads in normal subjects of all ages, (b) searching simple diagnostic criteria based on measuring short time intervals, by using digitized tracings, and (c) miniaturizing the equipment that could encourage physicians to record ECGs as part of routine physical examinations and facilitate recording ECGs in emergencies.